Publications — Sakana AI

The AI Picbreeder Experiment: In Search of Automatic Open-Endedness

We replace Picbreeder's human users with AI (large Vision-Language Models), and ask which ingredients let AI search open-endedly the way people do.

CoffeeBench

A benchmark for evaluating how much net income an LLM agent can generate as a coffee roaster over 90 days in a multi-agent economy with two farmers, two roasters, and two retailers.

Digital Ecosystems

Watch digital species compete, cooperate, and evolve in real time.

Doc-to-LoRA and Text-to-LoRA

Hypernetworks that generate LoRA adapters from documents or text descriptions.

Digital Red Queen

LLMs evolve assembly programs that battle for control of a virtual machine.

DroPE

Extending LLM context windows by dropping positional embeddings after pretraining.

RePo: Context Re-Positioning

A lightweight module that assigns semantically-informed positions to tokens, enabling better attention on noisy contexts and long sequences.

Petri Dish NCA

Multiple neural cellular automata species compete and adapt in a shared environment.

Sudoku vs GPT-5

Why Sudoku variants remain a grand challenge in AI reasoning.

Continuous Thought Machines

Neural networks that use timing and synchronisation as a representation for thought.

Sudoku-Bench

A benchmark testing creative reasoning through Sudoku variants with invented rules.

TinySwallow

A small Japanese language model that runs entirely in the browser.

ASAL

Foundation models automatically discover diverse artificial life simulations.